A Sweet & Salty Snack Sensation: Recipes, Tips & Tricks
Forget boring snacks! Caramel apple popcorn is the ultimate sweet and salty masterpiece, and it’s about to become your new obsession. This isn’t your grandma’s popcorn; we’re talking perfectly crisp kernels drenched in a luscious caramel sauce, studded with bursts of tart apple, creating a flavor explosion that’s both addictive and surprisingly sophisticated. Think of it as a gourmet candy bar, but way more fun to eat. From its unexpected rise to internet stardom to its versatility (yes, you can even make a spicy version!), we’re diving deep into everything caramel apple popcorn. This guide will walk you through everything from whipping up a batch in your own kitchen to transforming it into the perfect party snack or thoughtful gift. Get ready to experience the sweet, salty, crunchy, and undeniably delicious world of caramel apple popcorn!
Key Insights: Mastering the Art of Caramel Apple Popcorn
- Caramel apple popcorn offers a delightful balance of sweet and salty flavors, creating an addictive and satisfying snack experience.
- Making caramel apple popcorn is surprisingly easy, with straightforward steps that even beginners can master.
- Numerous flavor variations exist, allowing for endless customization and creative exploration, from spicy to nutty to chocolate-covered versions.
- Proper storage is crucial for maintaining the popcorn’s crispiness and extending its shelf life; airtight containers and freezing are your best friends.
- Healthier alternatives exist, enabling you to enjoy this treat while making mindful choices regarding sugar content and using whole-grain popcorn.
1. The Irresistible Allure of Caramel Apple Popcorn
Okay, let’s be honest: caramel apple popcorn is ridiculously good. But why? It’s that perfect storm of textures and tastes that sends our taste buds into a happy frenzy. The satisfying crunch of the popcorn is immediately followed by the gooey, sweet embrace of caramel, and then BAM! A delightful tang of apple cuts through the sweetness, creating an addictive balance that’s hard to resist. This isn’t just a simple snack; it’s a culinary experience that hits all the right notes.
The sweet and salty combo is a classic for a reason. Scientists have shown that this pairing triggers a more intense reaction in our brains, leading to increased satisfaction. It’s like a party in your mouth, with sweet and salty notes battling it out for dominance, keeping you coming back for more. Plus, let’s not forget the visual appeal. That gorgeous golden caramel coating, glistening in the light…it’s almost too pretty to eat (almost!).
And beyond the deliciousness, caramel apple popcorn’s popularity is exploding online. Social media is overflowing with stunning photos and videos, making it a must-try trend. Whether you’re scrolling through TikTok or Instagram, you can’t miss the drool-worthy creations popping up. So, are you ready to join the caramel apple popcorn craze? We thought so.
The Perfect Balance: Sweet and Salty Synergy
So, what’s the secret behind the irresistible allure of sweet and salty snacks like caramel apple popcorn? It’s more than just a delicious coincidence; there’s actual science behind why we crave that perfect balance. Our taste buds are wired to enjoy contrasts. Think about it – a perfectly ripe strawberry is sweet, but adding a sprinkle of salt enhances its sweetness and overall flavor profile, making it even more delightful. This isn’t some culinary trickery; it’s how our brains are designed to process taste.
The combination of sweet and salty triggers a more intense response in our brains compared to simply enjoying either flavor on its own. Sweet tastes activate certain receptors on our tongues, while salty tastes activate others. When both are present, there’s a synergistic effect—a heightened sensation of flavor that’s more satisfying than the sum of its parts. This interplay creates a more complex and interesting taste experience that keeps us wanting more. It’s a flavor dance party in your mouth!
Beyond the immediate sensory pleasure, there’s a deeper reason for our attraction to sweet and salty combinations. These flavors often signal to our brains that we’re consuming energy-rich foods. Historically, sweet and salty substances were important sources of nutrients and energy. Our ancestors learned to associate these tastes with survival, and even though we have access to plentiful food today, these evolutionary preferences still shape our culinary desires. [Link to scientific article on taste perception] So, next time you reach for that caramel apple popcorn, remember – it’s not just a treat; it’s a delicious interaction of science and pleasure!
Trending Treats: Caramel Apple Popcorn’s Rise to Fame
Caramel apple popcorn hasn’t just quietly appeared on the snack scene; it’s exploded onto it like a delicious supernova! Its rise to fame is a testament to the power of social media and the undeniable appeal of this sweet and salty treat. Scrolling through TikTok, Instagram, and Pinterest, you’re practically bombarded with mouthwatering photos and videos of perfectly crafted caramel apple popcorn. From elaborate gourmet versions to simple, homemade recipes, everyone’s sharing their creations, fueling the fire of this trendy snack.
The visual appeal is a huge factor. The glossy caramel coating, the vibrant pops of apple, the overall deliciousness—it’s all incredibly photogenic. These visually stunning posts act as irresistible advertisements, inspiring countless others to try their hand at making this delectable snack. It’s a perfect storm of deliciousness and social media virality. The ease of sharing recipes and the immediate gratification of creating something beautiful and tasty have contributed significantly to its popularity.
Beyond the aesthetics, caramel apple popcorn taps into our current food trends. We’re seeing a huge increase in demand for unique flavor combinations and elevated snacking experiences. This snack delivers both, creating a perfect balance of sweet and salty in a format that’s both familiar (popcorn) and exciting (caramel apple). So, the next time you see a stunning picture of caramel apple popcorn on your feed, don’t just scroll past; get inspired and give this trendy treat a try! [Link to relevant social media trend analysis]
2. Easy Caramel Apple Popcorn Recipe: From Kitchen to Bowl
Ready to make some seriously delicious caramel apple popcorn? Don’t worry, even if you’re a kitchen newbie, this recipe is so easy, you’ll be amazed. We’re skipping any complicated techniques; it’s all about simple steps and maximum flavor. First, you’ll need your popcorn – either air-popped or microwave – and make sure it’s nice and cool before you start. Then, grab some butter, brown sugar, corn syrup, and a touch of salt – the essential ingredients for that perfect caramel sauce.
The caramel-making process is super straightforward. Just melt the butter, add the sugar and corn syrup, and stir constantly over medium heat until it reaches a golden brown, bubbly perfection. This is where patience pays off – don’t rush it! Once your caramel is ready, gently toss your popcorn in the mixture until every kernel is nicely coated. For that extra special touch, stir in some chopped apples for a burst of freshness and tartness against the rich sweetness of the caramel.
Finally, spread the caramel apple popcorn on a baking sheet to cool completely. This helps the caramel set and prevents it from becoming overly sticky. Once it’s cooled, you can serve it immediately or store it in an airtight container for later. See? Easy peasy! Now go forth and create your own batch of this irresistible snack. You can customize it, too – add nuts, spices, or even a drizzle of chocolate for an extra decadent twist. The possibilities are endless!
Gathering Your Ingredients: A Simple Shopping List
Let’s get started with the most important part of making amazing caramel apple popcorn: gathering your ingredients! This recipe is wonderfully adaptable, so don’t stress if you need to make a few substitutions. The core ingredients are pretty standard and readily available at most grocery stores. You’ll need popcorn kernels (air-popped or microwave popcorn work great), unsalted butter, brown sugar, light corn syrup, and a pinch of salt. These are the foundation of your delicious caramel sauce.
Now, for the apple component, you’ve got options! Granny Smith apples are a classic choice because their tartness balances the sweetness of the caramel beautifully. However, if you prefer a sweeter apple, Honeycrisp or Fuji will work just fine. Simply chop them into small pieces – roughly 1/2 inch – before you start making the caramel. You can also get creative with the add-ins. Think chopped pecans, walnuts, or even a sprinkle of cinnamon or nutmeg for a warm, spiced twist.
If you’re looking for substitutions, you can often swap out the light corn syrup with a similar amount of maple syrup or even agave nectar for a slightly different flavor profile. For the sugar, you can experiment with coconut sugar or other alternatives, but be aware that this may alter the caramel’s consistency slightly. And don’t forget about the salt! A little pinch goes a long way in enhancing the sweetness of the caramel and bringing out the overall flavor. So, grab your shopping list and get ready to create some caramel apple popcorn magic!
Step-by-Step Instructions: Making Caramel Apple Popcorn
Let’s get cooking! Making caramel apple popcorn is easier than you think. First, pop your popcorn. Air-popped is ideal, but microwave popcorn works too – just make sure it’s completely cooled before you proceed. Next, prepare your caramel. In a medium saucepan over medium heat, melt the butter. Once melted, add the brown sugar and corn syrup, stirring constantly to prevent burning. This is crucial – keep that spoon moving! The mixture will bubble and thicken, eventually turning a beautiful golden brown. This takes about 5-7 minutes, depending on your stove.
Once the caramel reaches that perfect golden hue, it’s time to add the apples! Gently toss in your chopped apples, ensuring they’re evenly coated with the caramel. Then, carefully pour the caramel mixture over your cooled popcorn and stir gently but thoroughly until every piece is coated. Try not to break up the popcorn too much, as you want to maintain a good crunch. If you’re adding nuts or spices, now’s the time to incorporate them.
Finally, spread the caramel apple popcorn onto a baking sheet lined with parchment paper to cool completely. This allows the caramel to set, preventing it from becoming too sticky. Once cooled, break apart any large clumps, and store it in an airtight container to maintain its crunchiness. And there you have it – perfectly delicious homemade caramel apple popcorn! Ready to impress your friends and family? Check out this helpful video for a visual guide! [Link to video tutorial, if available]
Tips for Caramel Perfection: Achieving that Golden Hue
Making perfect caramel can seem daunting, but with a few tips and tricks, you can achieve that gorgeous golden hue every time. The key is patience and attention to detail. Don’t rush the process! Work over medium heat, stirring constantly. This prevents burning and ensures even cooking. If you notice the sugar starting to crystallize on the sides of the pan, quickly use a wet pastry brush to wash down the sides; this will prevent those stubborn crystals from ruining your smooth caramel.
The color of your caramel is a great indicator of its readiness. You’re aiming for a rich, amber color – think of a beautiful sunset. If it gets too dark, it’s likely burnt and will taste bitter. A good thermometer can help you maintain the correct temperature (around 250°F or 121°C is ideal), but if you don’t have one, trust your eyes and nose! As the caramel cooks, it will smell incredibly rich and sweet; a burnt smell indicates that it’s past its prime.
Another common mistake is adding the popcorn to the caramel while it’s still too hot. This can result in soggy popcorn and uneven caramel coating. Make sure your popcorn is completely cool before adding it to the caramel. And remember, gentle stirring is key. You want to coat the popcorn evenly without breaking it up too much, preserving that satisfying crunch. With a bit of practice, you’ll be creating perfect caramel every time—guaranteed to make your caramel apple popcorn truly exceptional!
3. Flavor Variations: Beyond the Basics
Think caramel apple popcorn is just one flavor? Think again! The beauty of this snack lies in its versatility. Once you’ve mastered the basic recipe, it’s time to unleash your inner culinary artist and experiment with exciting flavor combinations. A dash of spice can completely transform the experience. A pinch of cayenne pepper or a sprinkle of chili powder adds a warm kick that complements the sweetness surprisingly well. Imagine the delightful contrast of the sweet caramel and the subtle heat – it’s a match made in snack heaven!
Want to add some texture and nutty goodness? Toss in your favorite nuts – pecans, walnuts, almonds – after the popcorn is coated in caramel. The crunchy nuts provide a wonderful contrast to the soft caramel and the airy popcorn. For a richer, more decadent treat, consider drizzling melted dark chocolate over the finished popcorn. The combination of rich chocolate, sweet caramel, and tart apple creates a symphony of flavors that will surely impress. Don’t be afraid to get creative with your chocolate choice – milk chocolate, white chocolate, or even a flavored chocolate would work wonders.
Beyond nuts and chocolate, consider incorporating other fun additions. A sprinkle of sea salt elevates the sweet and salty contrast to new heights. A drizzle of caramel sauce adds extra richness and depth of flavor. Even a touch of cinnamon or nutmeg can introduce warm, autumnal notes. The possibilities are endless! So, grab your favorite ingredients and let your imagination run wild. It’s your popcorn; make it your own!
Spicy Caramel Apple Popcorn: A Kick of Heat
Ready to take your caramel apple popcorn to the next level? Let’s add a kick! Spicy caramel apple popcorn is the perfect unexpected treat – a delightful blend of sweet, salty, and fiery. The addition of chili powder or cayenne pepper creates a surprising and delicious contrast to the sweetness of the caramel and the tartness of the apple. It’s a flavor adventure that will leave you wanting more.
The amount of spice you add is entirely up to your preference. Start with a small amount – a teaspoon or less of chili powder or a 1/4 teaspoon or less of cayenne pepper – and taste-test as you go. Remember that the heat builds gradually, so it’s always better to start subtly and add more if needed. Adding the spice directly to the caramel as it simmers is the easiest method, ensuring the spice is evenly distributed throughout the mixture. For a more intense flavor, consider toasting the chili powder or cayenne pepper in a dry pan before adding it to the caramel. This enhances the spice’s aroma and adds a deeper layer of flavor.
Once you’ve achieved your desired level of spiciness, follow the rest of the caramel apple popcorn recipe as usual. Be sure to cool the popcorn completely before serving or storing. The combination of sweet and spicy is incredibly addictive; this popcorn is perfect for sharing (or not!). Be warned though: this spicy twist might just become your new favorite way to enjoy this classic snack. So, grab your favorite chili powder or cayenne pepper and get ready for a flavor explosion!
Nutty Delights: Incorporating Pecans or Almonds
Want to elevate your caramel apple popcorn game? Let’s talk nuts! Adding nuts isn’t just about enhancing the flavor; it’s about introducing a delightful textural contrast to the soft caramel and airy popcorn. Pecans and almonds are popular choices, but feel free to experiment with other nuts like walnuts, cashews, or even macadamia nuts – the options are endless!
The best time to add nuts is towards the end of the caramel-making process. After you’ve coated the popcorn with the caramel, gently stir in your chosen nuts. Make sure they’re evenly distributed throughout the mixture. If you’re using whole pecans or almonds, you might want to chop them roughly into smaller pieces for better distribution and to prevent overly large chunks. Toasting the nuts beforehand can bring out their natural oils and enhance their flavor – simply roast them in a dry pan over medium heat for a few minutes until fragrant.
The type of nut you choose will significantly impact the final flavor profile. Pecans add a rich, buttery flavor that complements the caramel beautifully. Almonds offer a slightly sweeter, more delicate taste. Walnuts bring a slightly more intense, earthy flavor. Experiment with different nut combinations to discover your favorite nutty caramel apple popcorn creation. You might even find a unique blend that becomes your signature recipe! So, get creative and add some nutty deliciousness to your next batch of caramel apple popcorn.
Chocolate Drizzle: Indulgent Sweetness
Ready to take your caramel apple popcorn to the ultimate level of indulgence? Let’s talk chocolate! Drizzling melted chocolate over your already delicious caramel apple popcorn adds an extra layer of richness and decadence that’s hard to resist. It’s the perfect way to elevate this classic snack into a truly special treat, perfect for sharing (or not!).
The type of chocolate you choose depends entirely on your preference. Dark chocolate offers a rich, intense flavor that complements the caramel beautifully. Milk chocolate provides a creamier, sweeter experience. White chocolate offers a delicate sweetness and a delightful contrast to the caramel’s richness. You can even get creative with flavored chocolates – think peppermint, hazelnut, or even sea salt caramel – for an extra unique twist. Once you’ve chosen your chocolate, melt it gently in a double boiler or in the microwave, stirring frequently to prevent burning. Make sure it’s smooth and pourable before you proceed.
Once your chocolate is melted and your caramel apple popcorn is completely cool, drizzle the melted chocolate over the popcorn. You can use a spoon or a piping bag for a more controlled drizzle. Allow the chocolate to set completely before serving or storing. The combination of the crunchy popcorn, the sweet caramel, the tart apple, and the rich chocolate is a flavor explosion that will satisfy even the most discerning sweet tooth. So, grab your favorite chocolate and prepare for a truly decadent treat!
4. Storage and Shelf Life: Keeping Your Popcorn Fresh
Nobody wants soggy, stale popcorn! To keep your caramel apple popcorn at its crunchy, delicious best, proper storage is key. The enemy of crisp popcorn is moisture, so keeping it away from humidity is your top priority. Once your popcorn has completely cooled, store it in an airtight container. This prevents moisture from seeping in and keeps the popcorn fresh and crunchy for longer. Glass jars or sturdy plastic containers with tight-fitting lids work best.
Airtight Containers: The Key to Crispness
The secret to keeping your caramel apple popcorn delightfully crunchy? Airtight containers! Seriously, this isn’t just a suggestion; it’s the key to maintaining that satisfying crunch and preventing your delicious creation from turning into a soggy mess. Moisture is the biggest enemy of perfectly crisp popcorn, and airtight containers are your best defense against it.
Freezing for Later: Extending the Shelf Life
Made a big batch of caramel apple popcorn and have leftovers? Freezing is your friend! Freezing extends the shelf life significantly, allowing you to enjoy that delicious snack long after it’s made. The key is to freeze it properly to maintain its texture and flavor. First, ensure your popcorn is completely cool before freezing. Then, place it in a freezer-safe container or bag – a zip-top bag works perfectly – making sure to remove as much air as possible to prevent freezer burn.
5. Caramel Apple Popcorn: A Perfect Gift or Party Snack
Your homemade caramel apple popcorn is not just a snack; it’s a delicious gift that’s sure to impress! Imagine the delight on someone’s face when they receive a jar of this crunchy, sweet, and salty goodness. For gifting, consider using clear glass jars or pretty cellophane bags. You can tie a ribbon around it for an extra touch of elegance. A handwritten tag with a personalized message will make it even more special.
Presentation Ideas: From Simple Bags to Elegant Jars
Presentation matters! Even the most delicious caramel apple popcorn deserves a stylish showcase. For a casual get-together, simple cellophane bags tied with ribbon or twine create a charming and rustic look. A personalized tag with a fun message adds a personal touch. For a more elegant presentation, consider clear glass jars. These allow the beautiful golden popcorn to shine through, showcasing your culinary creation. A decorative ribbon or a personalized label elevates the presentation to a whole new level.
Party Perfect: Serving Suggestions and Tips
Ready to wow your guests with your homemade caramel apple popcorn? Presentation is key! Instead of just plopping a bowl on the table, elevate your serving game. A large glass bowl allows everyone to admire the glistening caramel and tempting kernels. Consider placing it on a decorative cake stand or a tiered serving platter for extra visual appeal. If you’re serving a crowd, set up a self-serve station with tongs or scoops to avoid a popcorn free-for-all.
6. Making it Ahead: Prep Tips for Busy Schedules
Short on time but craving some delicious caramel apple popcorn? No problem! You can definitely prep components ahead of time to make assembly a breeze. The popcorn itself can be popped a day or two in advance and stored in an airtight container. Just make sure it’s completely cool before storing to prevent sogginess. The caramel sauce can also be made ahead and stored separately in an airtight container in the refrigerator. Reheat it gently before using, stirring frequently to ensure a smooth consistency.
Make-Ahead Strategies: Popcorn and Caramel Prep
Let’s maximize your efficiency and minimize your time in the kitchen! Smart prepping is the key to whipping up a batch of caramel apple popcorn quickly, even on a busy day. Popcorn is the easiest component to tackle in advance. Pop your kernels (air-popped is best for texture) a day or two before you plan to make the final product. Let it cool completely, then store it in an airtight container at room temperature. This ensures it stays nice and crunchy.
7. Healthier Alternatives: A Lighter Approach
Craving that caramel apple popcorn goodness but aiming for a slightly healthier approach? It’s totally possible to enjoy this treat without sacrificing your wellness goals! One simple swap is using air-popped popcorn instead of microwave popcorn. Air-popped popcorn is significantly lower in fat and calories. You can also control the amount of oil you add to the caramel, using a healthier oil like coconut oil or avocado oil instead of butter.
Reducing Sugar Content: Sweetener Substitutions
Looking to cut back on refined sugar in your caramel apple popcorn? You’re not alone! Many people are seeking ways to enjoy their favorite treats with a little less sugar. Luckily, there are several healthier alternatives you can explore. One popular option is using maple syrup. Maple syrup offers a delicious, slightly more complex flavor than refined sugar, and it also provides some trace minerals. Just keep in mind that maple syrup is still a sugar, so use it moderately.
Whole Grain Popcorn: A Nutritious Base
Want to boost the nutritional profile of your caramel apple popcorn? Swap out regular popcorn kernels for whole grain popcorn! Whole grain popcorn retains more of the kernel’s fiber and nutrients, providing a more substantial and satisfying snack. It’s a simple change that makes a big difference in the overall nutritional value of your treat.
8. FAQs: Your Caramel Apple Popcorn Questions Answered
Let’s tackle some common questions about making and enjoying this delightful snack! One frequent concern is burnt caramel. Remember, patience is key when making caramel. Cook it over medium heat, stirring constantly, and keep a close eye on the color. If it starts to get too dark, remove it from the heat immediately. Another common issue is soggy popcorn. Ensure your popcorn is completely cool before adding it to the caramel. Adding it while the caramel is too hot will result in a less-than-ideal texture.
Troubleshooting Common Issues: Burnt Caramel and Soggy Popcorn
Let’s tackle those pesky caramel popcorn problems! Burnt caramel is a common mishap, usually caused by rushing the process or using too high a heat. Remember, patience is key! Cook your caramel over medium heat, stirring constantly. If the sugar starts to crystallize on the sides of the pan, use a pastry brush dipped in water to quickly wash them down. If, despite your best efforts, your caramel does burn, don’t despair; start again! Burnt caramel will have a bitter taste that’s hard to mask.
Storage Tips: Maintaining Crispness and Avoiding Staleness
The biggest enemy of perfectly crunchy popcorn is moisture. To keep your caramel apple popcorn at its crispy best, storage is key. Once cooled completely, store your popcorn in an airtight container. This prevents moisture from the air from reaching your popcorn and keeps it fresh and crunchy for several days. Glass jars or heavy-duty plastic containers with tight-fitting lids are ideal.
Can I use different types of apples in my caramel apple popcorn?
Absolutely! While Granny Smith apples are a popular choice for their tartness, you can experiment with other varieties like Honeycrisp, Fuji, or Gala. The sweetness of the apple will affect the overall flavor balance, so taste as you go and adjust the amount of sugar in your caramel accordingly.
How long does caramel apple popcorn last?
Stored properly in an airtight container at room temperature, caramel apple popcorn will stay fresh and crunchy for about 3-5 days. Freezing extends its shelf life considerably; you can store it in the freezer for up to 2 months.
What if my caramel is too thick or too thin?
If your caramel is too thick, add a teaspoon of water at a time while stirring constantly over low heat. If it’s too thin, continue cooking it over low heat, stirring frequently, until it reaches the desired consistency. A candy thermometer can be very helpful in achieving the perfect caramel.
Can I make the caramel sauce ahead of time?
Yes! You can make the caramel sauce a day or two in advance. Store it in an airtight container in the refrigerator. Reheat it gently over low heat before using, stirring constantly to ensure a smooth consistency.
What are some other fun toppings I can add?
Get creative! Try pretzels for a salty crunch, mini marshmallows for extra sweetness, dried cranberries for a tart burst, or even a sprinkle of sea salt for an enhanced sweet and salty contrast. The possibilities are endless!
My popcorn came out soggy. What went wrong?
This usually happens if the popcorn isn’t completely cool before adding the hot caramel. Make sure your popcorn is completely cooled and completely dry before coating it.
Can I use a different type of sweetener?
Yes, you can experiment with maple syrup, agave nectar, or other liquid sweeteners. Keep in mind that the flavor and consistency of your caramel may change slightly. Start with a smaller amount than the recipe calls for and adjust to taste.
Key Insights: Your Guide to Caramel Apple Popcorn Perfection
| Insight Category | Key Insight | Supporting Details | |——————————|————————————————————————————|——————————————————————————————————————–| | Flavor & Texture | Sweet and salty synergy is key to the addictive nature of caramel apple popcorn. | The combination triggers a more intense brain response than either flavor alone. | | Recipe & Technique | Making caramel apple popcorn is surprisingly simple and straightforward. | A step-by-step guide makes it accessible to beginners; key steps include careful caramel preparation and cooling. | | Flavor Variations | Endless customization options exist to create unique flavor profiles. | Incorporate spices (chili powder, cayenne), nuts (pecans, almonds), and chocolate for diverse taste experiences. | | Storage & Shelf Life | Proper storage is crucial for maintaining crispiness and freshness. | Airtight containers and freezing are key to preventing staleness and sogginess. | | Healthier Alternatives | Healthier versions are achievable through ingredient substitutions. | Use air-popped popcorn, reduce sugar with alternatives (maple syrup), and incorporate whole-grain popcorn. | | Presentation & Serving | Thoughtful presentation enhances the enjoyment of caramel apple popcorn. | Creative serving options range from simple bags to elegant jars, making it perfect for gifts or parties. |
